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Chiclana de la Frontera
Chiclana de la Frontera is a town and municipality in southwestern Spain, in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, near the Gulf of Cádiz. It belongs to the association of municipalities of the Bay of Cádiz (Bahía de Cádiz), the provincial capital of Cádiz, Jerez de la Frontera, San Fernando, El Puerto de Santa María, Puerto Real and Rota which form the third largest metropolitan area in Andalusia, behind Seville and Malaga, and the twelfth largest in Spain. It is located from Cádiz, and borders the municipalities of San Fernando and Puerto Real to the north. In 1877, the municipality's population was 11,677;〔 in 2012, it was 81,473. It has a surface area is and a population density of 401 inhabitants / km ². The average elevation is above sea level. The economy depends largely upon modern industry, especially salt processing and tourism, and the municipality is known for its beaches such as the long Playa de la Barrosa, hotels and golf courses in the resort of Novo Sancti Petri. The municipality contains the largest number of hotel beds in the Province of Cádiz and the Costa de la Luz. The town's newspaper, ''Chiclana Información'', is distributed on Saturday mornings.
==History==
Human presence in the area dates back to Paleolithic times. Several Neolithic era villages have been unearthed in the area including that of La Mesa. During the 1st century, the Phoenicians settled near the town, particularly in the small island, Islote de Sancti Petri, founding a temple dedicated to their God, Melqart. When the Romans arrived they dedicated the temple to Hercules. A marble statue of a Roman emperor deified during the 2nd century was found in the waters of Sancti Petri in 1905. A ancient stronghold of the Phoenicians, remains from the Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Romans unearthed in Chiclana are in the Museum of Cádiz.〔
The Christians led by Alonso Pérez de Guzmán (1256-1309) entered the town in 1303 after the moor, who have settled in Southern Spain since the 8th Century, had deserted it. Guzman will claim these territories for the crown of Castille. His possessions in Southern Spain will eventually lead to the foundation of the dukedon of Medina-Sidonia. The Battle of Barrosa, a French defeat by the Anglo-Spanish army, took place south of Chiclana on 5 March 1811. During the Spanish War of Independence came the Battle of Chiclana took place here between French and Anglo-Spanish allies. In 1900, tenders were invited by the municipal authorities, Le Secretariat del Ayuntamienti de Chiclana de la Frontera, for an electric lighting concession of the town. In the early 20th century, seasonal Algarvian migration brought workers to Chiclana's cereal fields. Sancti Petri was visited in 1930 by Manuel de Falla, seeking inspiration.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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